Consortium members at Battelle-Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are leaders in environmental modeling and integrated assessment research, including evaluation of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies across all sectors of the economy. They have been active in IPCC efforts to assess agricultural sources and sinks for greenhouse gases, have organized scientific conferences to explore research needs, and have participated in soil carbon sequestration research and implementation programs in Canada and Mexico. PNNL has conducted research on the technology implications of carbon management and have explored how soil carbon can be integrated into a larger strategy to control the concentration of atmospheric CO2. Researchers have found that soil sequestration can be worth from tens of billions to hundreds of billions of dollars to society worldwide.