Consortium members located at Kansas State University are focusing on soil carbon processes in tallgrass prairie and agricultural ecosystems. Strengths include study of the dynamics of carbon exchange between the surface and the atmosphere in terrestrial ecosystems; microbial processing of carbon in soil and related impacts on N cycling; and system research of crop (grassland) and soil management on soil carbon. Several field studies conducted by K-State Research and Extension provide the opportunity to estimate the impact of soil and crop management practices on soil carbon cycling and sequestration in agricultural and native grassland systems. We have shown that grasslands in Kansas have the capacity to sequester additional carbon under elevated CO2. The scientists have access to several long-term tillage, residue management, and rotation studies in agricultural systems and grassland studies of burning, grazing, and fertility effects as well as prairie restorations or fields in the Conservation Reserve Program. The objectives of Kansas State group are to 1) determine management and conservation impacts on carbon cycling and storage in grazing lands; 2) evaluate tillage, rotations and residue management on soil carbon, and 3) determine the flux and internal cycling of C in agricultural and grassland systems.